economy

Alamo Region 2024 Regional Report

Alamo Region Snapshot

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About the 2024 Regional Reports

The 2024 regional reports utilize sources from JobsEQ, REMI, Texas A&M Real Estate Center, Texas Department of Transportation, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.

Introduction

Texas’ people, industries and geography are all highly diverse. This report examines the Alamo region, one of 12 economic regions created by the Texas Comptroller’s office, to analyze demographic and economic data and trends, as well as the economic conditions unique to each region and the state.

Population

Core based statistical areas (CBSAs), classified by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (PDF), describe the socioeconomic relationships between communities and across urban and rural territories. CBSAs consist of one or more counties that include a core urban area (UA) with a population of at least 10,000 and adjacent counties with a high degree of economic and social integration, as measured by commuting ties to that core. There are two types of CBSAs:

• Metropolitan Statistical Areas (metro areas): associated with at least one UA with a population of at least 50,000.
• Micropolitan Statistical Areas (micro areas): associated with at least one UA with a population of at least 10,000.

The Alamo region comprises 19 counties located largely in the Central-South region of Texas, covering about 17,300 square miles stretching from Fredericksburg and Kerrville in the Hill Country to Port Lavaca on the Gulf Coast. The region includes two metro areas — San Antonio-New Braunfels and Victoria — and three micro areas — Fredericksburg, Kerrville and Port Lavaca.

Exhibit 1 highlights CBSA designations by county and includes population, population density and median ages for all the counties in the region. The Alamo region’s population grew by 16.8 percent (about 425,600 people) between 2012 and 2022, compared with a more than 15.1 percent growth statewide. Bexar County led total gains, adding 270,762 residents, while Comal County led regional growth rates at 60.7 percent during this period.

The San Antonio-New Braunfels metro area saw an increase of 18.7 percent, bolstering growth in the region. The Victoria metro area experienced a decline in population of 0.1 percent. Population rose by 4.6 percent in micropolitan counties and 1 percent in non-CBSA designated counties.

The Alamo region had a median age of 35.8 years in 2021, slightly older than the statewide median age of 35 years. Median ages in the region ranged from 32.1 in Frio County to 52.6 in Bandera County.

CBSA Classification and Population by County, Alamo Region, 2012-2022

County	CBSA Title	Metropolitan/ Micropolitan	2022 Population	Total Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Median Age, 2021	Population Density
Atascosa	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	50,864	4,420	9.5%	35.7	40.2
Bandera	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	22,115	1,536	7.5%	52.6	26.4
Bexar	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	2,059,530	270,762	15.1%	34	1620.0
Calhoun	Port Lavaca	Micropolitan	19,706	-1,858	-8.6%	37.9	39.7
Comal	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	184,642	69,745	60.7%	42	288.6
DeWitt	N/A	N/A	19,772	-588	-2.9%	41.4	21.8
Frio	N/A	N/A	17,815	-109	-0.6%	32.1	16.2
Gillespie	Fredericksburg	Micropolitan	27,477	2,300	9.1%	49.6	25.3
Goliad	Victoria	Metropolitan	7,131	-198	-2.7%	45.5	8.2
Gonzales	N/A	N/A	19,832	-91	-0.5%	36.8	18.4
Guadalupe	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	182,760	43,103	30.9%	37	242.8
Jackson	N/A	N/A	15,142	871	6.1%	39.8	18.1
Karnes	N/A	N/A	14,836	-21	-0.1%	35.9	19.7
Kendall	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	48,973	13,410	37.7%	42.3	66.8
Kerr	Kerrville	Micropolitan	53,741	4,029	8.1%	47.6	47.7
Lavaca	N/A	N/A	20,589	1,057	5.4%	43.4	21.0
Medina	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	53,723	6,911	14.8%	39.1	38.3
Victoria	Victoria	Metropolitan	91,065	1,941	2.2%	36	103.5
Wilson	San Antonio-New Braunfels	Metropolitan	52,735	8,379	18.9%	40.0	61.9
Alamo Region Total*	N/A	N/A	2,962,448	425,599	16.8%	35.8	164.9
San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Area	N/A	N/A	2,655,342	418,266	18.7%	35.2	349.8
Victoria Metropolitan Area	N/A	N/A	98,196	1,743	1.8%	36.7	56.7
All Micropolitan Counties*	N/A	N/A	100,924	4,471	4.6%	46.2	37.3
All Non-CBSA Counties*	N/A	N/A	107,986	1,119	1.0%	38.4	19.1
Texas Total	N/A	N/A	30,029,572	3,945,452	15.1%	35.0	111.6

*Median ages are estimated by JobsEQ using the weighted average of the median values from the composing counties.
Note: Population density defined as number of people per square mile of land area.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population and Housing Unit Estimates Program; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis; JobsEQ

The region has experienced strong annual net gains in domestic migration since 2012, according to U.S. Census Bureau estimates. In 2022, the region saw its largest net domestic migration increase in the 10-year period. Population gains by natural increase (births minus deaths) fell throughout this period, particularly in 2021 and 2022, with fewer births throughout the period and higher deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting trends in the state. The region saw net gains in international migration every year during this period (Exhibit 2).

Exhibit 2 data

Components of Annual Population Change from Previous Year, Alamo Region, 2012-2022

Year	Natural Increase	Net Domestic Migration	Net International Migration
2013	16,117	23,812	5,248
2014	17,468	27,319	6,733
2015	17,772	28,837	7,154
2016	17,608	24,717	6,174
2017	16,086	24,500	4,952
2018	14,464	23,646	3,434
2019	14,100	20,938	2,733
2020	12,616	26,247	2,553
2021	5,281	28,677	2,142
2022	7,735	37,425	6,145

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population and Housing Unit Estimates Program; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis

Population by Race and Ethnicity

Hispanics led population gains in the Alamo region between 2012 and 2022, growing by nearly 285,100, an increase of more than 21 percent. The region’s white population experienced slower growth, rising by 53,500, a 5.6 percent increase. Those comprising two or more races and other races saw gains of 51.3 percent during this period, though their total gains were much more modest when compared with Hispanics. The Asian and Black populations saw strong gains, rising by 48 percent and 27 percent, respectively (Exhibit 3).

Population Change by Race/Ethnicity, Alamo Region, 2012-2022

Year	White	Black	Asian	Two or More Races and Other Races	Hispanic or Latino	Total Population
2012	956,822	153,698	51,547	39,176	1,335,606	2,536,849
2022	1,010,330	195,696	76,430	59,277	1,620,715	2,962,448
Total Change	53,508	41,998	24,883	20,101	285,109	425,599
Percent Change	5.6%	27.3%	48.3%	51.3%	21.3%	16.8%

Note: “Other races” include American Indian and Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population and Housing Unit Estimates Program; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis.

The region’s white population fell from 37.7 percent in 2012 to 34.1 percent in 2022, while the Hispanic population grew from 52.6 percent to 54.7 percent during this period. All other racial groups comprised nearly 11 percent of the regional population in 2022 (Exhibit 4).

Exhibit 4 data

Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, Alamo Region, 2012 and 2022

Race/Ethnicity	2012	2022
Hispanic or Latino	52.6%	54.7%
White	37.7%	34.1%
Black	6.1%	6.6%
Asian	2.0%	2.6%
Two or More Races and Other Races	1.5%	2.0%

Note: “Other races” include American Indian and Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population and Housing Unit Estimates Program; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis

Population by Age Group

Like the state, the region saw its largest population gains among people ages 65 or older, reflecting the large Baby Boom cohort ( those born between 1946 and 1964 ). The population aged 4 and under fell statewide by nearly 2 percent but grew in the Alamo region by 2 percent (Exhibit 5).

With its 65-or-older population leading regional population gains, the share of this group grew from 12.3 percent of the region in 2012 to 14.5 percent in 2022.

Exhibit 5 data

Population Changes by Age Group, Alamo Region and Texas, 2012-2022

Age Group	Alamo Region	Texas
65 or older	37.9%	41.9%
50 to 64	11.5%	13.0%
35 to 49	19.8%	15.2%
20 to 34	17.8%	14.4%
5 to 19	10.3%	10.0%
0 to 4	2.0%	-1.8%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population and Housing Unit Estimates Program; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis

Education

Educational Attainment Levels

The share of the Alamo region population with a bachelor’s degree or higher was 29.7 percent in 2022. In 2022, a higher share of women than men in the region had at least a bachelor’s degree — 30.6 percent versus 28.7 percent, respectively (Exhibit 6). Women have overtaken men in postsecondary educational attainment levels since 2012, when 24.3 percent of women had at least a bachelor’s degree compared with 25.6 percent of men.

The share of the region that has earned at least a high school diploma rose from 82.3 percent in 2012 to 86.5 percent in 2022.

Exhibit 6 data

Educational Attainment by Gender, Alamo Region, 2022

Educational Attainment Level	Male	Female	Total
Less than high school graduate	14.0%	13.0%	13.5%
High school graduate (includes equivalency)	27.1%	25.2%	26.2%
Some college, no degree	21.9%	22.5%	22.2%
Associate degree	8.2%	8.7%	8.4%
Bachelor's degree	18.0%	19.4%	18.7%
Graduate or professional degree	10.8%	11.2%	11.0%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates, 2018-2022; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts

Occupational Earnings by Educational Attainment Requirements

A strong educational foundation provides a cornerstone for growth and competitiveness in the global economy. Postsecondary education delivers a good return on investments of time and tuition.

Data for 2023 indicate that occupations in the Alamo region requiring at least an associate degree or certificate paid an average of $8,800 more annually than jobs requiring no postsecondary education. Occupations requiring a bachelor’s degree paid an average of $41,100 more annually than those requiring an associate degree or certificate, and occupations requiring a post-graduate degree paid an average of $40,100 more annually than those requiring a bachelor’s degree (Exhibit 7).

Employment Levels and Average Wages of Occupations by Typical Entry-Level Education Requirements, Alamo Region, 2023

Typical Entry-Level Educational Requirement	Total Employment	Share of Total Regional Employment	Average Annual Wages
No postsecondary award	851,761	64.4%	$41,410
Associate degree or certificate	108,125	8.2%	$50,178
Bachelor's degree	309,063	23.4%	$91,302
Post-graduate degree	53,023	4.0%	$131,394
Total	1,321,972	N/A	$57,400

Note: Data as of 2023 Q2.
Sources: JobsEQ; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Institutions of Higher Education

The Alamo region offers a variety of options for higher educational achievement, including nine universities, two community colleges and one health science school. There are three public and six private institutions of higher education in the Alamo region. The Alamo Community College District, comprising four colleges, had a total enrollment exceeding 70,000 in 2023 and saw enrollment growth of about 4 percent between 2019 and 2023. Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio saw the largest decrease in enrollment in the region over the last four years, while Texas A&M–San Antonio and The University of Texas at San Antonio saw the region’s strongest enrollment growth at 12 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Enrollment in all institutions of higher education in the region rose by 2 percent (Exhibit 8).

Institutions of Higher Education and Enrollments, Alamo Region, Fall 2019 and Fall 2023

Institution	Type of Institution	Fall 2019 Enrollment	Fall 2023 Enrollment*	Percent Change in Enrollment
Alamo Community College District	Junior or Community College	67,774	70,283	3.7%
The University of Texas at San Antonio	University	32,389	34,864	7.6%
Texas A&M University-San Antonio	University	6,714	7,532	12.2%
University of the Incarnate Word	Private University	7,734	7,251	-6.2%
University of Houston-Victoria	University	4,499	3,813	-15.2%
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio	Health Science School	3,383	3,628	7.2%
St. Mary's University	Private University	3,485	3,420	-1.9%
Victoria College	Junior or Community College	3,683	3,216	-12.7%
Trinity University	Private University	2,685	2,182	-18.7%
Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio	Private University	2,974	2,115	-28.9%
Texas Lutheran University	Private University	1,474	1,361	-7.7%
Schreiner University	Private University	1,342	1,208	-10.0%
Total - Alamo Region	N/A	138,136	140,873	2.0%

*Fall 2023 enrollment numbers are preliminary and not certified.
Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board

Health Care

Availability of Hospital Services

Residents of the Alamo region have access to a variety of hospital facilities from which to receive services. General hospitals offer a comprehensive range of services and facilities for medical diagnoses and treatments, including surgical services. Special hospitals provide clinical laboratory facilities, diagnostic X-ray facilities, treatment facilities or other definitive medical treatments (Exhibit 9).

Major Health Care Facilities, Alamo Region, 2023

Facility Type	Number of Facilities	Total Number of Beds	Average Number of Beds Per Facility
General and Special Hospital	60	8,533	142.2
Private Psychiatric Hospital	5	568	113.6
State Psychiatric Hospital	2	494	247.0

Source: Texas Health and Human Services Commission

Health Care Access

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, one of five Texans under age 65 did not have health insurance in 2021. The rate of uninsured in Texas — 20.3 percent — was the highest among U.S. states and about twice the national average of 10.2 percent.

At 18.7 percent in 2021, the Alamo region’s uninsured rate was less than the state average, although rates in 9 of its 19 counties were higher than the state average. The rates of individual counties ranged from a low of 14.8 percent in Guadalupe County to a high of 26.8 percent in Gonzales County (Exhibit 10).

Estimated Uninsured by County, Alamo Region, 2021

County	Uninsured Population	Percent Uninsured
Atascosa	9,309	22.0%
Bandera	3,174	20.8%
Bexar	328,128	18.9%
Calhoun	3,177	20.0%
Comal	21,172	14.8%
DeWitt	3,021	20.9%
Frio	3,110	23.6%
Gillespie	4,574	23.8%
Goliad	1,101	20.2%
Gonzales	4,287	26.8%
Guadalupe	22,281	14.8%
Jackson	2,521	20.9%
Karnes	2,016	19.7%
Kendall	6,045	15.9%
Kerr	8,346	22.5%
Lavaca	2,981	19.1%
Medina	7,763	18.9%
Victoria	15,137	20.4%
Wilson	7,220	16.9%
Alamo Region	455,363	18.7%

Note: Uninsured population includes ages 0-64 only.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates

Regional Economy and Employment

Gross Domestic Product

Gross domestic product (GDP) in the Alamo region totaled $201.2 billion in 2022, accounting for 8.4 percent of Texas’ GDP. Some of the region’s industries, however, contribute a higher share to the state economy, indicating regional industry specialization. By this measure, the finance and insurance industry was the most specialized regional industry, accounting for 12.5 percent of the industry GDP statewide. Government and government enterprises also plays an outsize role in the region, as does entertainment and recreation services and durable goods manufacturing (Exhibit 11).

Gross Domestic Product by Industry, Alamo Region, 2022 (Ranked by Alamo Region Industries with Greatest Share of Texas Industry GDP)

Industry	Alamo Region (billions)	Alamo Region Industry GDP as Share of Total Regional GDP	Texas (billions)	Alamo Region Industry GDP as Share of Texas Industry GDP
Finance and insurance	$17.3	8.6%	$137.9	12.5%
Government and government enterprises	$26.6	13.2%	$222.4	11.9%
Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services	$8.4	4.2%	$79.0	10.7%
Retail trade	$14.5	7.2%	$148.0	9.8%
Durable goods manufacturing	$11.2	5.6%	$114.1	9.8%
All industry total	$201.2	N/A	$2,402.1	8.4%

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts

Median Household Income

The Alamo region had a median household income of $65,445 in 2021, up from $49,933 in 2011, a 31.1 percent increase. Median household income in Texas, by comparison, was $67,321 in 2021, up from $50,920 in 2011, a 32.2 percent increase (Exhibit 12).

Exhibit 12 data

Median Household Income, Alamo Region and Texas, 2011-2021

Year	Alamo Region	Texas
2011	$49,933	$50,920
2012	$50,827	$51,563
2013	$51,726	$51,900
2014	$52,408	$52,576
2015	$52,959	$53,207
2016	$54,479	$54,727
2017	$56,438	$57,051
2018	$58,087	$59,570
2019	$60,196	$61,874
2020	$61,613	$63,826
2021	$65,445	$67,321

Sources: JobsEQ; American Community Survey, 5-year estimates

Jobs and Industry

Between 2012 and 2022, regional employment rose by 22 percent, slightly lower than growth in Texas (23.5 percent) but well above the pace of growth in the U.S. (13.9 percent). The San Antonio-New Braunfels metro area saw positive employment gains during this period, increasing by nearly 24 percent (Exhibit 13).

Total Employment (2022) and Changes in Employment Levels (2012-2022), Alamo Region

Region	Total Employed, 2022	Total Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Average Annual Wages, 2022
United States	150,025,578	18,329,359	13.9%	$69,986
Texas	13,249,180	2,521,454	23.5%	$69,614
Alamo Region	1,191,132	215,207	22.1%	$59,544
San Antonio-New Braunfels Metro Area	1,069,487	206,518	23.9%	$60,043
Victoria Metro Area	38,668	-1,931	-4.8%	$52,541

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

The Alamo region’s largest industries by employment are in restaurants and other eating places, public education, hospitals and other health care services, and finance and insurance. These large regional industry sectors mostly experienced strong employment growth in the 10-year period ending in 2022, including a 60 percent gain in building equipment contractor jobs.

These industries also have large location quotient (LQ) levels — a measure of an industry’s relative size in a region compared with its average size in the nation. An LQ of 1.25 or higher indicates that the region has a comparative advantage in the industry and that the industry is highly concentrated and unique to the regional economy (Exhibit 14).

Largest Industries by Employment, Alamo Region, 2022

Industry	Employment	Employment Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Average Annual Wages	Location Quotient	Establishments
Restaurants and Other Eating Places	104,010	19,538	23.1%	$23,693	1.22	4,597
Elementary and Secondary Schools	82,337	11,302	15.9%	$48,970	1.26	201
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals	42,715	2,403	6.0%	$72,748	0.88	78
Depository Credit Intermediation	28,650	5,373	23.1%	$84,628	2.01	723
Grocery and Convenience Retailers	27,993	8,057	40.4%	$36,501	1.25	491
Offices of Physicians	26,190	6,957	36.2%	$99,468	1.13	2,193
Home Health Care Services	25,476	741	3.0%	$26,904	2.05	428
Employment Services	25,229	3,854	18.0%	$51,986	0.81	549
Building Equipment Contractors	21,872	8,215	60.1%	$63,495	1.14	1,623
Insurance Carriers	19,537	2,455	14.4%	$125,333	1.98	192
Total - All Industries	1,191,132	215,207	22.1%	$59,544	1.00	67,241

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

Restaurants and other eating places led total employment growth among industries in the region between 2012 and 2022, adding nearly 20,000 jobs, a 23 percent gain. The warehousing and storage industry experienced some of the fastest growth, increasing by 294 percent during the period. Jobs in the computer systems design and services and management and consulting services industries doubled during this period (Exhibit 15).

Industries with Largest Total Employment Growth, Alamo Region, 2012-2022

Industry	Employment	Employment Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Average Annual Wages	Location Quotient	Establishments
Restaurants and Other Eating Places	104,010	19,538	23.1%	$23,693	1.22	4,597
Warehousing and Storage	18,728	13,974	294.0%	$43,986	1.21	124
Elementary and Secondary Schools	82,337	11,302	15.9%	$48,970	1.26	201
Building Equipment Contractors	21,872	8,215	60.1%	$63,495	1.14	1,623
Individual and Family Services	17,361	8,085	87.2%	$38,627	0.72	4,079
Grocery and Convenience Retailers	27,993	8,057	40.4%	$36,501	1.25	491
Offices of Physicians	26,190	6,957	36.2%	$99,468	1.13	2,193
Computer Systems Design and Related Services	11,797	5,884	99.5%	$94,505	0.59	1,573
Management, Scientific and Technical Consulting Services	11,771	5,780	96.5%	$77,587	0.81	1,753
Depository Credit Intermediation	28,650	5,373	23.1%	$84,628	2.01	723
Total - All Industries	1,191,132	215,207	22.1%	$59,544	1.00	67,241

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

Ranking regional industries by LQ — a method to identify heavily concentrated and specialized industries in an area — shows that jobs in hunting and trapping, natural gas pipeline transportation, support activities for mining, national security and a variety of manufacturing activities are highly specialized in the region. Many of these industries saw substantial growth in the last 10 years and boast high average wages (Exhibit 16).

Industries with Greatest Location Quotient, Alamo Region, 2022

Industry	Employment	Employment Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Average Annual Wages	Location Quotient	Establishments
Hunting and Trapping	185	65	54.1%	$43,412	10.86	30
Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas	1,215	192	18.8%	$151,887	4.65	40
Support Activities for Mining	8,356	1,882	29.1%	$86,536	3.95	412
National Security and International Affairs	17,346	1,247	7.7%	$86,673	3.53	22
Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing	2,442	818	50.4%	$131,080	3.14	7
Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing	299	6	2.2%	$36,209	3.11	14
Amusement Parks and Arcades	4,901	624	14.6%	$27,270	2.78	36
Engine, Turbine and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing	1,927	1,696	731.8%	$91,192	2.68	10
Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction	2,637	1,012	62.3%	$88,133	2.65	69
Water, Sewage and Other Systems	4,504	869	23.9%	$65,842	2.53	96

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

Regional Occupations

Among occupations, general and operations managers, logisticians and project management specialists, and software and web developers, programmers and testers had average wages far above regional averages and saw some of the strongest job gains from 2012 through 2022. Another high-wage occupation that saw strong growth was miscellaneous business operations specialists. Fast food and counter workers also saw strong growth during the period (Exhibit 17).

Occupations with Largest Total Employment Growth, Alamo Region, 2012-2022

Occupation	Employment	Employment Change, 2012-2022	Percent Change, 2012-2022	Average Annual Wages	Location Quotient
General and Operations Managers	8,784	2,937	50.2%	$95,100	1.06
Laborers and Material Movers	17,174	2,328	15.7%	$32,400	1.01
Fast Food and Counter Workers	12,033	1,793	17.5%	$23,800	1.38
Cooks	7,150	1,738	32.1%	$28,100	0.97
Logisticians and Project Management Specialists	1,985	1,546	352.1%	$80,400	0.77
Software and Web Developers, Programmers and Testers	2,102	1,381	191.6%	$95,600	0.39
Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers	4,145	1,253	43.3%	$37,100	1.21
Miscellaneous Business Operations Specialists	1,849	1,155	166.5%	$67,200	0.66
Miscellaneous Agricultural Workers	8,984	1,017	12.8%	$31,300	4.45
Customer Service Representatives	6,715	975	17.0%	$35,700	0.89

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics programs

Alamo Regional Infrastructure

Housing Affordability

The Texas A&M Real Estate Center’s Texas Housing Affordability Index (THAI) measures the ability of a household earning the median family income to purchase a median-priced home. An index ratio greater than 1 means that the median family income is more than the income required to purchase the median home in a specific area. The calculations for the index assume that consumers are making a down payment of 20 percent and have a family income that is 25 percent of the price of the median home.

According to the THAI, a family earning the median income in the San Antonio-New Braunfels and Victoria metro areas would have more than the income needed to afford the median home in the area. Affordability levels in each area, however, are lower in 2022 compared with 2017. (Exhibit 18).

Exhibit 18 data

Texas Housing Affordability Index by Metropolitan Areas, Alamo Region, 2017-2022

Year	San Antonio-New Braunfels MSA	Victoria MSA	Texas
2017	1.59	2.06	1.54
2018	1.42	1.85	1.39
2019	1.46	1.76	1.43
2020	1.74	2.13	1.78
2021	1.6	2.08	1.53
2022	1.22	1.48	1.19

Source: Texas A&M Real Estate Center

Regional Transportation

Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are federally mandated policymaking organizations created to coordinate transportation planning in urbanized areas. Two MPOs coordinate transportation planning in the Alamo region — the Victoria MPO and the San Antonio-Bexar County/Alamo Area MPO.

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) oversees the construction and maintenance of state highways through its 25 districts across the state. The Alamo region includes three of these county-based districts, with offices in San Antonio, Corpus Christi and Yoakum.

Exhibit 19 lists road miles and vehicle miles traveled for the region’s roadway network by road type, as of 2022. On-system roads are those under the jurisdiction of TxDOT, whereas off-system roads are under jurisdiction of cities, counties, the federal government or private entities (e.g., private toll roads). Centerline refers to mileage of a roadway regardless of lanes; it is taken from the center of the roadway. Lane mileage refers to the mileage for all lanes combined. Daily vehicle miles traveled refers to the estimated daily mileage of all vehicles using that roadway, whereas daily truck miles traveled refers to the estimated daily mileage of trucks using that roadway.

Road Miles and Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled, Alamo Region, 2022

Road Type	Centerline Miles	Lane Miles	Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled	Daily Truck Miles Traveled
Interstate Highways	394.9	1,945.4	26,315,349.5	4,600,882.2
U.S. Highways	866.5	2,747.6	11,135,242.7	1,408,867.4
State Highways, Spurs, Loops, Business Routes	1,440.4	3,694.4	13,189,401.4	1,264,829.9
Farm or Ranch to Market Roads and Spurs	3,045.7	6,292.4	7,156,635.8	653,557.7
Pass, Parks and Recreation Roads	35.0	112.6	530,303.9	29,472.4
Frontage Roads	732.0	1,508.7	4,058,535.7	133,116.5
On-System Subtotal	6,514.5	16,301.1	62,385,469.0	8,090,726.0
City Streets	7,955.0	16,944.7	12,602,409.3	514,313.0
Certified County Roads	11,969.9	24,001.0	2,846,298.1	111,532.8
Toll Road Authority Roads	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Federal Roads	109.9	219.7	26,957.6	871.8
Off-System Subtotal	20,034.8	41,165.4	15,475,665.0	626,717.5
Region Grand Total	26,549.3	57,466.5	77,861,134.0	8,717,443.6

Source: Texas Department of Transportation

Transit Districts

Many transit districts help provide safe, reliable and accessible transportation services to citizens of the Alamo region. The region includes one Metropolitan Transit Authority (serving areas with populations greater than 200,000) in San Antonio, one Urban District Transit System (serving areas with populations between 50,000 and 200,000) in Victoria and two Rural Transit Systems (serving areas outside the urbanized area) (Exhibit 20).

Revenue and Ridership Statistics, Alamo Region, Transit Districts, 2022

Transit District	Type	Total Operating Expense	Total Revenue	Unlinked Passenger Trips	Passenger Trips Per Capita	Operating Expense Per Trip
VIA Metropolitan Transit Authority - San Antonio	MTA	$233,461,199	$181,653,362	24,090,083	13.7	$9.69
Victoria	Small Urban	$2,572,185	$51,196	237,809	3.73	$10.82
Alamo Area Council of Governments	Rural	$7,485,122	$1,679,015	137,759	0.34	$54.33
Concho Valley Transit District	Rural	$1,800,994	$313,940	20,291	0.35	$88.76

Source: Texas Department of Transportation

Airports

Texas has 27 airports offering passenger or commercial service, including two in the Alamo region — San Antonio International and Victoria Regional. Both airports in the region have seen an increase in enplanements (the number of passenger boardings) in 2022 from 2021 (Exhibit 21).

Commercial Airports and Enplanements, Alamo Region, 2021 and 2022

U.S. Rank	Airport ID	City	Airport Name	2021 Enplanements	2022 Enplanements	Percent Change
46	SAT	San Antonio	San Antonio International	3,677,643	4,751,610	29.2%
461	VCT	Victoria	Victoria Regional	6,610	7,505	13.5%

Source: Federal Aviation Administration

Trade

Ports of entry in Texas account for approximately 20 percent of all U.S. international trade. Each region contributes to international trade in direct (ports of entry) and indirect (purchasing of imports/exports) ways. The Alamo region has two direct trade official ports of entry (Exhibit 22).

Official Ports of Entry Trade Data, Alamo Region, 2022

Port of Entry	Exports	Imports
San Antonio	$580,389,246	$59,942,106
Port Lavaca	$1,223,831,715	$624,464,647
Texas	$547,512,278,647	$503,099,541,717

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online, Port Level Data for 2022

Region vs. Texas

If the Alamo region were a state, its 15.1 percent population growth between 2012 and 2022 would be the third largest in the U.S. And though the region trails the U.S. in its share of population with at least a high school diploma, its share of population with at least a bachelor’s degree is on par with the U.S. The region’s population accounts for nearly a tenth of the total Texas population (Exhibit 23).

Alamo Region Compared with Texas and the U.S.

Indicator	Alamo Region Value	Rank if Region were a State	Texas Value	U.S. Value
Square Miles (land)	17,371	42	261,267	3,533,038
Population, 2022	2,962,448	34	30,029,572	333,287,557
Population Percent Change, 2012-2022	16.8%	3	15.1%	6.2%
Population with High School Diploma or Higher, 2022	86.5%	48	85.2%	89.1%
Population with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher, 2022	34.3%	20	32.3%	34.3%
Per Capita Personal Income, 2022	$56,061	43	$62,586	$65,470
Median Household Income, 2021	$65,445	28	$67,321	$69,021
Population Age 65 or Over, 2022	14.5%	48	13.4%	17.3%
Population Under Age 18, 2022	24.1%	5	24.8%	21.7%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts analysis

Alamo Region Economic Development Highlights

• Farsound, an international supply chain and logistics provider, opened a new U.S. headquarters space in San Antonio.
• Solidia Technologies, a high-performance building material solutions company, plans to build its first concrete products manufacturing plant in Elmendorf.
• Vighter, a health care staffing and medical services company, plans to relocate its headquarters to San Antonio.
• Premium Waters, a bottled water manufacturer, plans to build a new facility in Seguin that will generate $80 million in capital investment and create at least 60 full-time jobs with an average annual wage of $60,000.
• Kamps Inc. opened a new pallet facility in San Antonio. The company plans an initial hire of 40 employees.
• JCB Inc., a leading manufacturer of construction, agricultural and industrial equipment, plans to construct a new manufacturing facility in San Antonio, creating more than $265 million in capital investment and 1,500 jobs.
• Aceroteca Metals LLC started construction of a 60,000 square-foot metal service center in Seguin, creating more than $10 million in investment and 20 jobs.

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Questions?

If you have any questions or concerns regarding the material on this page, please contact the Comptroller’s Data Analysis and Transparency Division.