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The 2022 regional reports use the latest available annual data from a variety of state and federal sources on or about Sept. 1, 2021. The data for the 2020 U.S. Census is as of Oct. 1, 2021. Sources include JobsEQ, REMI, Texas A&M Real Estate Center, Texas Department of Transportation, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.
The 10-county Capital region covers about 8,600 square miles in central Texas, stretching from Llano to San Marcos and from La Grange to Georgetown.
The Capital region has one metropolitan statistical area (MSA), the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA, which includes Bastrop, Caldwell, Hays, Travis and Williamson counties. The region’s other five counties are not associated with an MSA.
This report examines regional economic information and trends regarding population, personal income, jobs and wages, and education, as well as economic conditions unique to the Capital region.
According to the 2020 Census, the Capital region had a total population of more than 2.4 million, or 8.3 percent of the state’s total population. The Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA accounted for almost 95 percent of the region’s population and 7.8 percent of the state. An estimated 54 percent of the region’s population was concentrated in Travis County.
The region’s population has grown by 31.5 percent (more than 575,000 people) since the 2010 Census, compared to 15.9 percent growth statewide. Hays County led regional gains during this period at 53.4 percent, followed by Williamson County at 44.1 percent.
The median age in the Capital region was 35.4 years in 2019, older than the state median age of 34.6 years. The Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA’s median age (34.7 years) was similar to that of the state. Hays (32 years) was the youngest county in the region, and Llano (57.4 years) was the oldest (Exhibit 1). An area’s age distribution can reveal can reveal specific challenges. A younger county may prioritize education and workforce development, for example, while an older county might face retirement issues and higher health care costs.
County | 2010 Census | 2020 Census | Change 2010 to 2020 | Percent Change | Median Age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bastrop | 74,171 | 97,216 | 23,045 | 31.1% | 38.4 |
Blanco | 10,497 | 11,374 | 877 | 8.4% | 50.4 |
Burnet | 42,750 | 49,130 | 6,380 | 14.9% | 44.6 |
Caldwell | 38,066 | 45,883 | 7,817 | 20.5% | 35.9 |
Fayette | 24,554 | 24,435 | -119 | -0.5% | 47.0 |
Hays | 157,107 | 241,067 | 83,960 | 53.4% | 32.0 |
Lee | 16,612 | 17,478 | 866 | 5.2% | 41.1 |
Llano | 19,301 | 21,243 | 1,942 | 10.1% | 57.4 |
Travis | 1,024,266 | 1,290,188 | 265,922 | 26.0% | 34.2 |
Williamson | 422,679 | 609,017 | 186,338 | 44.1% | 36.3 |
Capital Region Total | 1,830,003 | 2,407,031 | 577,028 | 31.5% | 35.4 |
Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA | 1,716,289 | 2,283,371 | 567,082 | 33.0% | 34.7 |
Texas Total | 25,145,561 | 29,145,505 | 3,999,944 | 15.9% | 34.6 |
Note: Median age data for the counties are from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2015 to 2019. Region median age calculations are from JobsEQ.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
The Capital region had a median household income of $76,101 in 2019, up from $56,541 in 2010, a 34.6 percent increase. Median household income in Texas, by comparison, was $61,874 in 2019, up 24.6 percent from 2010.
The region’s income distribution finds proportionally more households in the top quintile when compared to Texas as a whole, with almost 40 percent of households earning more than $100,000 a year (Exhibit 2).
Income Level | Capital Region | State Total |
---|---|---|
less than $25,000 | 14% | 19% |
$25,000 to $49,999 | 19% | 22% |
$50,000 to $74,999 | 17% | 18% |
$75,000 to $99,999 | 13% | 13% |
$100,000 or more | 37% | 29% |
Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding.
Source: Income distribution derived by JobsEQ using data from U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, 2015 to 2019.
A strong educational foundation provides a cornerstone for growth and competitiveness in the global economy. Postsecondary education delivers a good return on investments of time and tuition.
Data for 2021 indicate that occupations in the Capital region requiring at least an associate degree or certificate paid an average of $6,967 more annually than those requiring less than a postsecondary education. Occupations requiring at least a bachelor’s degree paid an average of $47,267 more (Exhibit 3).
Educational Attainment | Number Employed, Region | Percent of Region | Average Annual Earnings, Region | Number Employed, Texas | Percent of Texas | Average Annual Earnings, Texas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Postsecondary Award | 311,388 | 48.8% | $42,133 | 9,051,532 | 61.8% | $44,733 |
Associate Degree or Certificate | 84,679 | 6.8% | $49,100 | 1,120,514 | 7.6% | $47,600 |
Bachelor's Degree | 367,534 | 29.4% | $89,400 | 2,987,310 | 20.4% | $88,800 |
Postgraduate Degree | 1,509,671 | 15.0% | $109,900 | 1,509,671 | 10.3% | $110,300 |
Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding.
Sources: JobsEQ; Education requirement category assignments are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
A postsecondary education also offers opportunity for greater job prospects, workplace advancement, higher wages and the development of a richer world view. The Capital region offers a variety of options for higher educational achievement, including six universities, one community college and one health science school (Exhibit 4).
Institution | Type of Institution | Fall 2020 Enrollment |
---|---|---|
Concordia University Texas | University | 2,259 |
Huston-Tillotson University | University | 1,070 |
Southwestern University | University | 1,505 |
St. Edward’s University | University | 3,591 |
Texas State University | University | 37,812 |
The University of Texas at Austin | University | 50,282 |
Austin Community College | Junior or Community College | 36,868 |
The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School | Health Science School | 194 |
Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
Residents of the Capital region have access to a variety of hospital services. General hospitals offer a comprehensive range of services and facilities for medical diagnoses and treatments, including surgical services. Special hospitals provide clinical laboratory facilities, diagnostic X-ray facilities, treatment facilities or other definitive medical treatments (Exhibit 5).
For a list of facilities offering services other than hospitals – such as rural health clinics, community mental health centers and birthing centers – visit Texas Health and Human Services.
Facility Type | Number of Facilities | Total Number of Beds | Average Number of Beds Per Facility |
---|---|---|---|
General Hospital | 32 | 3,749 | 117.16 |
Special Hospital | 16 | 651 | 40.69 |
Private Psychiatric Hospital | 7 | 597 | 85.29 |
State Psychiatric Hospital | 1 | 263 | 263 |
Note: State psychiatric hospitals data as of February 2019
Source: Texas Department of Health and Human Services
Access to health care facilities adds to the viability of a community. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the share of Texans without health insurance — 18.4 percent in 2019 — was twice the national average of 9.2 percent.
In 2019, the rate of uninsured in the Capital region ranged from a low of 12.4 percent in Williamson County (the third lowest in the state) to a high of 25.7 percent in Caldwell County; the overall rate for the region was 16.1 percent — the lowest among the state’s regions (Exhibit 6). (For additional information, see Uninsured Texans, Fiscal Notes, October 2020.)
County | Uninsured Population | Percent Uninsured |
---|---|---|
Caldwell | 9,102 | 25.7% |
Llano | 3,176 | 23.3% |
Bastrop | 16,504 | 22.7% |
Lee | 3,018 | 22.1% |
Blanco | 1,937 | 21.7% |
Fayette | 4,008 | 21.6% |
Burnet | 7,566 | 20.9% |
Hays | 32,880 | 16.7% |
Travis | 185,356 | 16.5% |
Williamson | 63,856 | 12.4% |
Capital Region | 327,403 | 16.1% |
Note: Uninsured population includes under 65 (ages 0-64) only.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, SAHIE (Small Area Health Insurance Estimates)
In 2020, the Capital region had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $174 billion, about 9.8 percent of Texas’ statewide GDP of $1.8 trillion. Between 2010 and 2020, GDP rose by an average annual rate of 6.2 percent, more than the statewide average annual rate of 3.6 percent. In 2020, GDP rose from the previous year by 2.6 percent, in contrast to the state’s GDP fall of 4.7 percent. (GDP values not adjusted for inflation.) The Capital region was the only region to see GDP growth that year. Preliminary data for the first two quarters of 2021, however, suggest a significant economic rebound in many industries and regions.
Of the 1.2 million people employed in the Capital region in 2020, 95.9 percent are in the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA. Between 2010 and 2020, employment has risen in the region by 33.2 percent, much higher than in the state (17.1 percent) and the U.S. (7.8 percent) (Exhibit 7).
Region | Total Employed, 2020 | Change 2010 to 2020 | Percent Change 2010 to 2020 |
---|---|---|---|
United States | 150,028,344 | 10,838,037 | 7.8% |
Texas | 13,164,072 | 1,924,421 | 17.1% |
Capital Region | 1,157,524 | 288,305 | 33.2% |
Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA | 1,110,596 | 283,001 | 34.2% |
Source: JobsEQ
In the five-year period between 2015 and 2020, total industry jobs in the Capital region rose by 10.5 percent. During this period, by comparison, jobs rose by 3.3 percent in Texas and fell by 0.5 percent in the U.S.
The Capital region’s largest industry sectors by employment are in restaurants, education and technology. Consulting services companies also employ many workers in the region (Exhibit 8).
Industry | Employment | Average Annual Wages | Location Quotient | Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 | Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Restaurants and Other Eating Places | 80,122 | $22,747 | 1.15 | -5,092 | -6.0% |
Elementary and Secondary Schools | 60,810 | $48,610 | 1.01 | -264 | -0.4% |
Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 42,338 | $139,256 | 2.39 | 10,341 | 32.3% |
Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools | 29,264 | $69,585 | 1.29 | 2,031 | 7.5% |
Management, Scientific and Technical Consulting Services | 25,058 | $91,102 | 1.82 | 6,739 | 36.8% |
Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers | 23,996 | $144,925 | 4.54 | 2,815 | 13.3% |
Grocery Stores | 23,380 | $33,775 | 1.10 | 4,360 | 22.9% |
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals | 23,274 | $72,523 | 0.51 | 634 | 2.8% |
Employment Services | 22,217 | $50,021 | 0.91 | 2,168 | 10.8% |
Building Equipment Contractors | 21,723 | $60,314 | 1.19 | 4,856 | 28.8% |
Total, All Industries | 1,157,524 | $68,647 | 1.00 | 110,104 | 10.5% |
Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
Jobs in computer systems design, management consulting services, and warehousing and storage were among the leaders in regional gains between 2015 and 2020 (Exhibit 9).
Industry | Employment | Average Annual Wages | Location Quotient | Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 | Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 42,338 | $139,256 | 2.39 | 10,341 | 32.3% |
Management, Scientific and Technical Consulting Services | 25,058 | $91,102 | 1.82 | 6,739 | 36.8% |
Building Equipment Contractors | 21,723 | $60,314 | 1.19 | 4,856 | 28.8% |
Warehousing and Storage | 6,122 | $26,534 | 0.53 | 4,486 | 274.1% |
Grocery Stores | 23,380 | $33,775 | 1.10 | 4,360 | 22.9% |
Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
Using the location quotient (LQ) — a measure of an industry’s relative size in a region compared to its average size in the nation — jobs in advanced manufacturing, data processing services and commercial equipment sales are highly concentrated and unique to the regional economy. An LQ of 1.25 or higher indicates that the region has a comparative advantage in the industry (Exhibit 10).
Industry | Employment | Average Annual Wages | Location Quotient | Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 | Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing | 9,046 | $246,934 | 7.33 | -2,751 | -23.3% |
Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation | 1,106 | $57,146 | 7.30 | 839 | 314.0% |
Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing | 13,933 | $143,656 | 4.90 | 233 | 1.7% |
Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers | 23,996 | $144,925 | 4.54 | 2,815 | 13.3% |
Industrial Machinery Manufacturing | 2,980 | $125,974 | 3.33 | 1,148 | 62.6% |
Land Subdivision | 952 | $124,297 | 3.17 | -249 | -20.8% |
Communications Equipment Manufacturing | 1,988 | $182,198 | 2.99 | 933 | 88.4% |
Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services | 8,395 | $159,307 | 2.83 | 3,968 | 89.6% |
Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing | 828 | $71,039 | 2.52 | 158 | 23.6% |
Museums, Historical Sites and Similar Institutions | 3,921 | $24,836 | 2.48 | 616 | 18.6% |
Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
Occupations with high levels of employment and relative concentration reflect the industrial composition of the region. The Capital region has large numbers of people in fast food, retail and administrative occupations, in addition to software development, material moving, management and customer service (Exhibit 11).
Occupation | Employment | Average Annual Wages | Location Quotient | Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 | Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laborers and Material Movers | 34,904 | $30,900 | 0.74 | 6,394 | 22.4% |
Fast Food and Counter Workers | 31,726 | $23,400 | 1.20 | 1,401 | 4.6% |
Retail Salespersons | 30,048 | $28,900 | 1.02 | -1,308 | -4.2% |
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants | 27,665 | $42,500 | 1.09 | 108 | 0.4% |
Office Clerks, General | 27,384 | $40,600 | 1.24 | 3,130 | 12.9% |
Software and Web Developers, Programmers and Testers | 25,932 | $104,800 | 1.79 | 5,596 | 27.5% |
Customer Service Representatives | 25,798 | $35,800 | 1.18 | 5,160 | 25.0% |
Cashiers | 23,835 | $25,300 | 0.91 | 884 | 3.9% |
Building Cleaning Workers | 23,406 | $27,700 | 0.95 | -82 | -0.3% |
General and Operations Managers | 21,546 | $118,400 | 1.19 | 4,661 | 27.6% |
Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
The Texas Housing Affordability Index (THAI) from the Texas A&M Real Estate Center measures the ability of a household earning the median family income to purchase a median-priced home. An index ratio greater than 1 means that the median family income is more than the income required to purchase the median home in a specific area. The calculations for the index assume that consumers are making a down payment of 20 percent and have a family income that is 25 percent of the price of the median home.[1]
According to the THAI, a median-income family in the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA would have slightly more than the income needed to afford the median home (Exhibit 12). Home prices in this area are slightly less affordable than in the state as a whole.
Region | 2019 | 2020 |
---|---|---|
State of Texas | 1.43 | 1.78 |
Austin-Round Rock MSA | 1.38 | 1.73 |
Source: Texas A&M Real Estate Center
Texas has 14 U.S. military installations within its borders. In 2019, these bases directly employed more than 226,000 and supported nearly 634,000 jobs in all. Military installations in Texas contributed an estimated $75.3 billion annually to the state’s GDP. Army Futures Command, the only military installation within the Capital region, had a positive impact on the Texas economy, supporting an estimated 2,300 jobs and contributing more than $200 million to the state’s GDP in 2019 (Exhibit 13). Learn more about the impact of U.S. military installations on the state’s economy.
Region | Total Jobs Supported | U.S. Military Contribution to State GDP (billions) |
---|---|---|
State of Texas | 633,892 | $75.3 |
Capital Region | 2,342 | $0.2 |
Sources: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Texas Military Preparedness Commission and REMI
Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are federally mandated policymaking organizations created to coordinate transportation planning in urbanized areas. The Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) coordinates transportation planning in the Capital region. Roadways within the region make up parts of the Austin and Yoakum Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) districts.
Road miles and vehicle miles traveled for the region’s roadway network, as of 2019, are listed by road type (Exhibit 14).
Road Type | Centerline Miles | Lane Miles | Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled | Daily Truck Miles Traveled |
---|---|---|---|---|
Certified County Roads | 7,481.4 | 15,047.1 | 3,880,523.6 | 158,392.5 |
City Streets | 5,567.3 | 11,961.7 | 11,402,079.7 | 395,585.5 |
Farm or Ranch to Market Roads and Spurs | 1,665.1 | 3,691.1 | 9,075,763.7 | 510,251.9 |
Federal Roads | 34.5 | 63.1 | 5,515.9 | 180.7 |
Frontage Roads | 422.1 | 959.8 | 4,364,218.3 | 175,618.4 |
Iinterstate Highways | 107.5 | 600.7 | 11,367,035.5 | 1,731,021.1 |
Pass, Park and Recreation Roads | 34.4 | 69.0 | 18,377.2 | 1,666.2 |
State Highways, Spurs, Loops, Business Routes | 771.4 | 2,486.4 | 14,030,200.3 | 1,207,337.2 |
Toll Authority Roads | 21.6 | 84.7 | 654,837.2 | 41,832.8 |
U.S. Highways | 423.4 | 1,596.8 | 8,712,065.6 | 652,055.1 |
Total | 16,528.7 | 36,560.5 | 63,510,617.0 | 4,873,941.3 |
Source: Texas Department of Transportation
Transit authorities and transit districts are governmental entities or companies that coordinate public transit in an area. Austin is served by the Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority and San Marcos by an urban public transit district. Rural transit in the region is provided by Capital Area Rural Transportation System and the Hill Country Transit District (Exhibit 15).
Transit District | Type | Total Operating Expense | Total Revenue | Unlinked Passenger Trips | Passenger Trips Per Capita | Operating Expense Per Trip |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority | MTA | $264,434,340 | $296,399,856 | 30,949,651 | 22.72 | $8.54 |
San Marcos | Urban | $2,089,204 | $821,499 | 104,852 | 1.98 | $19.93 |
Capital Area Rural Transportation System | Rural | $6,431,724 | $2,521,865 | 179,114 | 0.45 | $35.91 |
Hill Country Transit District | Rural | $2,537,996 | $1,038,339 | 91,845 | 0.56 | $27.63 |
Source: Texas Department of Transportation
The state of Texas has 27 commercial service airports offering passenger service. One of those commercial service airports is in the Capital region (Exhibit 16).
Airport Name | City | U.S. Rank | 2019 Enplanements | 2020 Enplanements | Percent Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austin-Bergstrom International (AUS) | Austin | 19 | 8,507,410 | 6,288,519 | -26.1% |
Source: Federal Aviation Administration
Amtrak interstate passenger rail service runs three routes through the state (Texas Eagle, Heartland Flyer and Sunset Limited). Texans can get direct service to Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans and Oklahoma City, numerous stops along the way and connections to the rest of the country. Amtrak’s station stops in the Capital region are in the cities of Austin, San Marcos and Taylor.
Ports of entry within Texas account for 17 percent of all U.S. international trade, and each region contributes to international trade in direct and indirect ways. The Capital region has one direct trade official port of entry (Exhibit 17).
Port of Entry | Exports | Imports |
---|---|---|
Austin-Bergstrom International Airport | $209,015,379 | $142,057,818 |
State of Texas Ports of Entry | $311,223,000,000 | $326,324,000,000 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online, Port Level Data for 2020
If the Capital region were a state, it would be the 48th largest in terms of area, first for population growth between 2010 and 2020 and second in the share of its adult population with a bachelor’s degree or higher For more information on how Texas and its distinct, diverse regions compare to the U.S. and other states, visit TexIndex.
Measure | Capital Region | Rank as a State | Texas | State Rank | U.S. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Square Miles | 8,575 | 48 | 268,597 | 2 | 3,531,905 |
Population, 2020 Census | 2,407,031 | 36 | 29,145,505 | 2 | 331,449,281 |
Population Percent Change, 2010 to 2020 | 31.5% | 1 | 15.9% | 3 | 7.4% |
Population over 25 with at Least a High School Diploma, 2019 | 89.7% | 29 | 83.7% | 49 | 88.0% |
Population over 25 with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher, 2019 | 43.5% | 2 | 29.9% | 28 | 32.1% |
Per Capita Income, 2019 | $61,415 | 11 | $52,813 | 26 | $56,490 |
Median Household Income, 2019 | $76,101 | 8 | $61,874 | 22 | $62,843 |
Population Age 65 or Over, 2019 | 12.0% | 50 | 12.9% | 48 | 16.5% |
Population Under Age 18, 2019 | 22.5% | 21 | 25.5% | 2 | 22.3% |
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
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